Browsing by Author "Leigue Fernández, María Alejandra"

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ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY AS COAGULANT-FLOCCULANT OF MUCILAGE OBTAINED FROM PRICKLY PEAR (Opuntia ficus-indica)
(Universidad Católica Boliviana "'San Pablo". Programa VLIR - UOS., 2023-07-10) Figueroa Márquez, Ingrid Fabiana; Leigue Fernández, María Alejandra; Angulo Reyes, María Rosalva
Water purification continues to be a matter of concern in several rural areas in Bolivia. Within SDG 6, affordable and accessible methods are sought for water treatment in remote areas. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency as a coagulant-flocculant of the mucilage obtained from the Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus - indica), a wild-growing plant, to remove turbidity from the surface and synthetic waters. The mucilage was extracted with 96% ethanol, dried and pulverized. Turbidity, coagulant dose, and initial pH modification were determined. River water samples with turbidity between 117 to 120 NTU and synthetic water with turbidity between 50 to 683 NTU were used. The optimal dose for river water was 35 mg/L and an efficiency of 80.40±1.16% and 20 mg/L and 82.9±1.68% efficiency for synthetic water of similar turbidity. In both cases, the pH of the water did not change. The results show that the mucilage is more efficient in water with high turbidity (>110 NTU). Additionally, coagulation, followed by a filtration stage, would allow reaching the turbidity established in the regulations for drinking water.
BIOREMEDIATION OF HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATED SOILS THROUGH BIOSTIMULATION WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE - PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTATION
(Universidad Católica Boliviana "'San Pablo". Programa VLIR - UOS., 2023-07-10) Ruiz Martínez, Stephanie Sabrina; Vega Guzmán, Álvaro; Angulo Reyes, María Rosalva; Leigue Fernández, María Alejandra
In the last decade, Bolivia has consolidated its position as one of the main producers of hydrocarbons and their derivatives, but due to hydrocarbon activities, large oil spills have occurred throughout the country, affecting the flora, fauna, soil and water in different regions. Soil alterations caused by oil spills and/or its derivatives, caused accidentally or by bad practices, affect the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil, irremediably degrading it. The objective was to evaluate in a pilot scale experiment, the results of the use of sewage sludge in the bioremediation process of soils contaminated with hydrocarbons and/or their derivatives. The experiment lasted 90 days and consisted of 7 plots of contaminated soil to which stabilized sludge was added at concentrations of 0%, 30%, 50% and 70%, all with a duplicate except for the 0% treatment. Total heterotrophs, nitrates, phosphates and TPH were evaluated monthly in each plot. The results were satisfactory in terms of TPH removal, especially in the plot containing 30% sewage sludge and 70% contaminated soil; this plot obtained a minimum of 42.9% removal of the contaminant.
‘Fitodepuración de lixiviado del vertedero Municipal de Pampa Galana, Tarija - Bolivia, utilizando especies locales
(Universidad Católica Boliviana "'San Pablo". Programa VLIR - UOS., 2022-10-28) Díaz Álvarez, Paolo Jackson; Leigue Fernández, María Alejandra
El riego con lixiviados ofrece la oportunidad de cerrar el ciclo de nutrientes y producir un efluente de calidad adecuada para su vertido. La fitodepuración ha sido identificada como solución tecnológica efectiva, con bajos costos de implementación, fácil operación y mantenimiento disponible para la remoción de contaminantes de suelos y aguas contaminadas. En este marco, se realizó una investigación a escala laboratorio en la Universidad Católica Boliviana Sede Tarija. El objetivo de la investigación: verificar la fitodepuración del lixiviado del vertedero Municipal Pampa Galana ciudad de Tarija, utilizando tres especies ornamentales: Canna Indica, Zantedeschia Aethiopica, Pseudosasa Japonica. La fitodepuración de lixiviados se ha realizado en macetas individuales de aproximadamente 20 litros, con flujo vertical sub-superficial, donde se plantaron las especies ornamentales en un espacio abierto; las macetas se llenaron con sustratos: 1/3 de grava y 2/3 de suelo proveniente del mismo vertedero. Durante la experimentación los prototipos fueron alimentados considerándose una dilución media del 10%, donde se ha evaluado la eficiencia de eliminación de nutrientes: Nitrógeno y Fosfatos, y Demanda Química de Oxigeno (DQO). De los resultados, la especie Canna Indica mostró mejores rendimientos, obteniendo altos porcentajes de remoción: DQO (η hasta 80%), fosfatos (η>70%) y nitrógeno (η>98%). En términos generales, los resultados de todas las especies confirman la viabilidad del uso de diferentes especies en la fitodepuración de lixiviados de rellenos sanitarios. El riego con lixiviados diluidos tampoco afectó al crecimiento de las especies; las plantas regadas con el lixiviado diluido desarrollaron mayor biomasa que las plantas de control.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A PILOT SYSTEM FOR HARVESTING FOG WATER FOR A SINGLE FAMILY SOLUTION IN THE “RINCON DE LA VITTORIA”
(Universidad Católica Boliviana "'San Pablo". Programa VLIR - UOS., 2023-07-13) Baldiviezo Butrón, Luís Ronald; Villena Martínez, Esteban Manuel; Leigue Fernández, María Alejandra; Angulo Reyes, María Rosalva; Lo Iacono Ferreira, Vanesa Gladys
The constant contamination of natural resources and the effect of climate change are the factors that generate water deficits in many countries of the world. In Tarija, Bolivia, the provision of water for human consumption is increasingly critical due to the contamination of various water sources. The use and application of cheap and easy-to-operate technologies and mechanisms are a solution that allows the generation of more significant volumes of water to reduce the water deficit; the harvesting of water from the mist is one of these technologies that makes it possible to improve the supply of water in dispersed family nuclei and rural areas. This work shows the results achieved in an experimental pilot process for implementing water harvesting from dew and fog in the Rincón de la Vittoria area of the Department of Tarija, Bolivia. The prototype, which consists of a 1.5 m2 frame with a plastic mesh placed at the height of 2.5 m from the ground, shows that it can capture up to 15% of the average daily supply required by Bolivian Regulations for the design of drinking water systems, being a viable alternative to reduce the water deficit.