A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Glabellar Botulinum Toxin Injections Compared to Acupuncture in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder

Abstract

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex psychiatric condition characterized by pervasive emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and difficulties in cognitive control. Patients often exhibit heightened reactivity to negative emotional stimuli, which is associated with increased activity in the amygdala and decreased functionality in the prefrontal cortex during tasks that require inhibition. Given these neurobiological underpinnings, glabellar botulinum toxin (BTX) injections have emerged as a potential treatment option due to their ability to disrupt facial feedback mechanisms that may exacerbate emotional responses.