PROYECTO CReA VLIR-UOS

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Start date: 2020End date: 2023

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    Características fundamentales de los emprendimientos de poblaciones vulnerables de Cochabamba
    (Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo - Sede Cochabamba - CReA SP5, 2023) Almeida Cardona, Rodrigo; Andrade Alcalá, Michelle Abigail; Arce Bozo, Ana Cecilia; Brun Andrade, Romel; Catacora Illanes, Carlos Antonio; Gutierréz Andrade, Osvaldo Walter; Hervas La Fuente, Camila katrina; Lara Claros, Alisson Andrea; Morales Castellón, Ilen; Sandivar Orellana, Tatiana
    Las investigaciones que contiene este libro son resultado de una aproximación a la realidad de los pequeños emprendedores de poblaciones vulnerables de Cochabamba. La característica central del programa VLIR UOS es que todos los proyectos se llevan a cabo con la activa participación de actores locales en favor de poblaciones vulnerables en áreas geográficas específicas, urbanas o rurales; en este caso en la región de Cochabamba. Es muy importante destacar que el Proyecto 5 está dirigido a personas que se convierten en emprendedores por subsistencia o necesidad debido a la falta de empleo. La mayoría de estos emprendimientos no son de buena calidad, porque tienden a ser de sobrevivencia, de bajo nivel organizacional y tecnológico, sin ninguna ventaja competitiva que les proporcione perspectivas a futuro. En este contexto, un verificado es que, en la actualidad, los emprendedores por subsistencia intentan desarrollarse en un medio ambiente desarticulado y con bajo apoyo efectivo en cuanto a procesos de información y coordinación, aprovisionamiento, innovación tecnológica y mercados. Otro eje base, es que la promoción de cambios en el modelo de negocio, puede mejorar su estructura interna y también pueda generar una mejor conexión con su cliente o consumidor. En consecuencia, si estos emprendedores por subsistencia contaran con un modelo de negocio superior y con el apoyo de un ecosistema emprendedor efectivo, podrían experimentar un cambio sustancial en la naturaleza de sus negocios, logrando escenarios de mayor rentabilidad y competitividad.
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    Entrepreneurial Intention towards F Commerce in Southern Bolivia: A Study Via Structural Equations
    (Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo"- CReA - VLIR-UOS., 2023-07-19) Loaiza-Torres, Jose; Apaza-Coro, Omar Freddy; Carvache-Franco, Orly; Miranda-Azurduy, Franz Ariel; Mendoza-Osuna, Henry Mauricio; Carvache-Franco, Mauricio; Carvache-Franco, Wilmer
    The intention of young people to undertake can be important to contribute to the development of the economy of a country, in this sense, the objective of the present investigation has been to determine the relationships of the latent variables that influence the entrepreneurial intention towards f commerce., for which a quantitative methodology was applied via PLS-SEM structural equations. A questionnaire was applied to 100 young people between the ages of 16 and 29 who live in the southern region of Bolivia. The results explain that the intention to form a company using Facebook is explained by 65.2%, being the variable that most influences the attitude, followed by the variable subjective norm and in third place the behavioral control. The main contribution of the research is the identification of the main variables that influence the intention to undertake f commerce, generating useful information to formulate strategies either from the public or private sphere to promote the creation or strengthening of businesses using the Facebook social network. © 2023 Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions. All rights reserved.
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    Eroding Traditional Ecological Knowledge. A Case Study in Bolivia
    (Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo"- CReA - VLIR-UOS., 2022-11-24) Gruberg, Helga; Dessein, Joost; D´Haese, Marijke; Alba, Eliana; Benavides, Jean Paul
    Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) adjusts to changes in its socioecological system (SES). We focus on understanding if and how TEK´s spiritual, social, and ecological aspects relate to each other and examine the main socioecological factors that impact the transmission of TEK within and across generations. Based on quantitative and qualitative data on traditional weather forecasting in rural Bolivia, we found four factors affecting TEK’s dissemination: formal education, migration, a new religion, and the politicization of rural unions. Despite the slow disappearance of TEK, we also found that hybrid knowledge reinforces interest in TEK.
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    Multi-Criteria Prioritization ofWatersheds for Post-Fire Restoration Using GIS Tools and Google Earth Engine: A Case Study from the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia
    (Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo"- CReA - VLIR-UOS., 2023-10-11) Fernandez, Jeanne; Maillard, Oswaldo; Uyuni, Gerson; Guzmán-Rojo, Mónica; Escobar, Marisa
    The Santa Cruz department in Bolivia is characterized by a wide range of ecosystems and by its richness in water resources. In recent years, extended drought caused by climate change has led to extensive fire events. Combined with deforestation, this is resulting in the degradation of the region’s ecosystems and water resources. To address restoration needs from both a land- and water-management perspective, this study proposes to prioritize restoration areas by applying a multicriteria analysis (MCA) based on two main principles: (1) using the watershed as the main study unit and (2) involving stakeholders in the definition of priority watersheds. Local stakeholders selected criteria representing water resources, biophysical characteristics, land management, productive areas, and fire disaster threats, and reclassified the spatial information based on perceived importance. Different prioritization scenarios were developed and compared in a Google Earth Engine (GEE) application. Priority restoration areas largely depend on the weighting scheme. Focusing solely on past fires leads to prioritizing the south-east basins, while the conservation of the western watersheds becomes more important when increasing the weight of the water resources criteria. This study represents the first step in developing a participatory MCA tool at the watershed scale in Santa Cruz. Highlighting the impact of different prioritization criteria can support collective decision-making around land and watershed restoration.
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    Determinación de poblaciones vulnerables en sectores críticos de la Cuenca del Río Rocha en Bolivia
    (Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo"- CReA - VLIR-UOS., 2023) Avendaño-Acosta, Nithya; Alvizuri-Tintaya, Paola Andrea; Lo-Iacono-Ferreira, Vanesa Gladys
    Rivers are ecosystems that are constituted as indicators of environmental quality thanks to the different types of environmental, and socioeconomic services they offer. Due to the constant expansion of cities, the pollution of rivers is becoming increasingly critical, especially in those rivers that cross or are close to urban centers. In developing countries, such as Bolivia, rivers are an accessible and invaluable source of water for use and consumption, so preserving their quality is essential. There are numerous studies of the water quality of the Rocha River carried out by various institutions that verified the increase in contamination in the body of water. However, the vulnerability for populations and ecosystems have not yet been identified for the entire basin. This research compiled and crossed the available information on anthropogenic activities, water quality, and population distribution to expose the impact on water quality and thus identify vulnerable populations in critical sectors of the Rocha River basin. This study is the base for formulating mitigation actions in the identified areas, to reduce the risk to public health and ecosystems.
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    Development and Application of a Methodology for the Identification of Potential Groundwater Recharge Zones: A Case Study in the Virvini Micro-Basin, Tiraque, Bolivia
    (Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo"- CReA - VLIR-UOS., 2023-03-23) Rodríguez-Levy, Inti E.; Centellas-Levy, Miguel A.; Ferreira, Wanderley J.; Touhidul Mustafa, Syed Md; Rivera-Rodriguez, Lilian; Gonzales Amaya, Andres; Huysmans, Marijke
    Groundwater plays a vital role in human consumption and irrigation in many parts of Bolivia; yet, the absence of policies to regulate its extraction and protect groundwater recharge areas has led to a decline in water tables and threatened food security. Some municipal initiatives have been implemented to develop regulations, but the lack of reliable hydrogeological data (such as aquifer geometry, groundwater level data, location of potential groundwater recharge zones, and flow dynamics) hinders their effective implementation. The case study presented herein focuses on a municipal policy in Tiraque, Bolivia, aimed at protecting groundwater recharge zones, in addition to the need for a reliable methodology for their technical identification. The EARLI approach (an acronym for “Enhanced Algorithm for Recharge based on the Rainfall and Land cover Inclusion”) is suggested as a participatory-simplified multi-criteria decision method to address the absence of hydrogeological data. This approach was adjusted to the basin’s specific conditions, including local vegetation communities and their influence on infiltration, and was applied as a pilot study in the Virvini micro-basin. The EARLI model emphasizes the spatial distribution of rainfall as an input indicator for potential recharge in addition to the biophysical characteristics of the catchment area. The methodology successfully mapped the degree of groundwater recharge potential and was validated by traditional hydrogeological models, field infiltration measurements, and the local community’s application of the tool. Therefore, the results of this study provide the necessary technical bases for groundwater-integrated management in Tiraque.
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    Critical Analysis of Stakeholders in the Municipality of Tarija, Bolivia, in Search of Strategies for Adequate Water Governance to Implement Reverse Osmosis as an Alternative for Generating Safe Water for Its Inhabitants
    (Universidad Católica Boliviana "'San Pablo". Programa VLIR - UOS., 2023-09-04) Villena-Martínez, Esteban Manuel; Alvizuri Tintaya, Paola Andrea; Lo-Iacono-Ferreira, Vanesa Gladys; Lora-García, Jaime; Torregrosa López, Juan Ignacio; Sánchez Barrero, Lorena; Fernández, Alejandra Leigue; D’Abzac, Paul
    The accelerated deterioration of water quality in the city of Tarija, Bolivia, has caused several water sources in the Municipality of Tarija to be discontinued due to the presence of toxic contaminants. The current water purification systems that are used in Tarija do not guarantee the elimination of heavy metals; in addition, political and social interest conflicts are a serious problem in the execution of projects and new public investment alternatives, with these being the main problems found in the sector. Reverse osmosis (RO) water purification technologies are one of the most effective contemporary alternatives for the elimination of contaminants in water, such as heavy metals; however, their application and implementation in countries with little or no experience in this type of technology require acceptance and knowledge on behalf of the interested parties. Political and social conflicts between interested parties generate scenarios that affect hydrological planning. Analysis of the actors in the urban and municipal sphere of the city of Tarija, Bolivia, provides a case study for adequate water governance and enabled us to come to a consensus for the implementation of RO. The results show 23 fundamental actors in water management in the Municipality of Tarija, with local actors being those with the greatest influence and power in decision-making. Our analysis of social networks showed an important polarization in the power of decision makers, with municipalities and legislative entities being those that decide on public investments. The interested parties showed considerable interest in the application of RO as a technology that can provide definitive, short-term solutions to the problems of water stress and the water crisis in the Municipality of Tarija and its application in small towns with a high level of social and environmental vulnerability.
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    Mathematical and Statistical Evaluation of Reverse Osmosis in the Removal of Manganese as a Way to Achieve Sustainable Operating Parameters
    (Universidad Católica Boliviana "'San Pablo". Programa VLIR - UOS., 2023-08-10) Alvizuri-Tintaya, Paola Andrea; Villena-Martínez, Esteban Manuel; Lo-Iacono-Ferreira, Vanesa; Torregrosa-López, Juan Ignacio; Lora-García, Jaime; d’Abzac, Paul
    Manganese is the Earth’s crust’s third most abundant transition metal. Decades of increased mining activities worldwide have inevitably led to the release of large amounts of this metal into the environment, specifically in water resources. Up to a certain level, manganese acts as an essential micronutrient to maintain health and support the growth and development of microorganisms, plants, and animals, while above a specific limit, manganese can cause toxicity in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. There are conventional ways to remove manganese from water, such as chemical precipitation, sorption, and biological methods. However, other treatments have yet to be studied much, such as reverse osmosis (RO), which has demonstrated its effectiveness in the removal of heavy metals and could be a suitable alternative for manganese removal if its energy consumption is reduced. This research presents mathematical and statistical modeling of the behavior of a system in laboratory-scale RO. The principal finding was that it is possible to remove Mn using the RO operated with low pressures without decreasing the sustainable removal efficiency. Reducing the operating costs of RO opens the possibility of implementing RO in different contexts where there are problems with water contamination and economic limitations.
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    Tendencias en investigación sobre medios de comunicación y su incidencia en el medio ambiente
    (Universidad Católica Boliviana "'San Pablo". Programa VLIR - UOS., 2023-06-15) Guardia Crespo, Marcelo; Afnan Agramont, Akiyama
    El presente artículo analiza las características de la investigación que relaciona el contenido mediático con los problemas ambientales mundiales. Realiza una revisión de literatura científica que aborda la comunicación y el medio ambiente para conocer la tendencia en investigación. El análisis concluye que los estudios científicos dirigen principal atención al contenido del periodismo, sin tomar en cuenta otros formatos que transmiten los medios de comunicación. Los resultados evidencian la falta de investigación en torno a la publicidad y su influencia en el consumismo, cuyas consecuencias contribuyen a la degradación del medio ambiente e incrementan la depredación de recursos naturales, más allá de favorecer el cuidado del medio ambiente a través de estrategias sensibilizadoras y educativas en sus diversos formatos