PROYECTO CReA VLIR-UOS
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Item Entrepreneurial Intention towards F Commerce in Southern Bolivia: A Study Via Structural Equations(Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo"- CReA - VLIR-UOS., 2023-07-19) Loaiza-Torres, Jose; Apaza-Coro, Omar Freddy; Carvache-Franco, Orly; Miranda-Azurduy, Franz Ariel; Mendoza-Osuna, Henry Mauricio; Carvache-Franco, Mauricio; Carvache-Franco, WilmerThe intention of young people to undertake can be important to contribute to the development of the economy of a country, in this sense, the objective of the present investigation has been to determine the relationships of the latent variables that influence the entrepreneurial intention towards f commerce., for which a quantitative methodology was applied via PLS-SEM structural equations. A questionnaire was applied to 100 young people between the ages of 16 and 29 who live in the southern region of Bolivia. The results explain that the intention to form a company using Facebook is explained by 65.2%, being the variable that most influences the attitude, followed by the variable subjective norm and in third place the behavioral control. The main contribution of the research is the identification of the main variables that influence the intention to undertake f commerce, generating useful information to formulate strategies either from the public or private sphere to promote the creation or strengthening of businesses using the Facebook social network. © 2023 Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions. All rights reserved.Item Development and Application of a Methodology for the Identification of Potential Groundwater Recharge Zones: A Case Study in the Virvini Micro-Basin, Tiraque, Bolivia(Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo"- CReA - VLIR-UOS., 2023-03-23) Rodríguez-Levy, Inti E.; Centellas-Levy, Miguel A.; Ferreira, Wanderley J.; Touhidul Mustafa, Syed Md; Rivera-Rodriguez, Lilian; Gonzales Amaya, Andres; Huysmans, MarijkeGroundwater plays a vital role in human consumption and irrigation in many parts of Bolivia; yet, the absence of policies to regulate its extraction and protect groundwater recharge areas has led to a decline in water tables and threatened food security. Some municipal initiatives have been implemented to develop regulations, but the lack of reliable hydrogeological data (such as aquifer geometry, groundwater level data, location of potential groundwater recharge zones, and flow dynamics) hinders their effective implementation. The case study presented herein focuses on a municipal policy in Tiraque, Bolivia, aimed at protecting groundwater recharge zones, in addition to the need for a reliable methodology for their technical identification. The EARLI approach (an acronym for “Enhanced Algorithm for Recharge based on the Rainfall and Land cover Inclusion”) is suggested as a participatory-simplified multi-criteria decision method to address the absence of hydrogeological data. This approach was adjusted to the basin’s specific conditions, including local vegetation communities and their influence on infiltration, and was applied as a pilot study in the Virvini micro-basin. The EARLI model emphasizes the spatial distribution of rainfall as an input indicator for potential recharge in addition to the biophysical characteristics of the catchment area. The methodology successfully mapped the degree of groundwater recharge potential and was validated by traditional hydrogeological models, field infiltration measurements, and the local community’s application of the tool. Therefore, the results of this study provide the necessary technical bases for groundwater-integrated management in Tiraque.Item Exploring power dynamics in a food bank in Bolivia. A case study during the Covid-19 pandemic(Food Ethics, 2024-08-14) Galindo, Darío; Gruberg, Helga; Dessein, JoostHunger reduction, a universal goal, is often pursued through the concept of food security, which partially shifts the responsibility from national states to food banks. However, the active involvement of various stakeholders in food banks is frequently overlooked. The first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted the High-Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security to acknowledge the necessity of stakeholders´ participation in achieving food security. Despite the significant influence of power relations on the operations of a food bank, there is a shortage of evidence on the role of power relations among stakeholders in food banks, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, this paper delves into the power dynamics among actors in a food bank in a metropolitan region in Bolivia (Plurinational State) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the food sovereignty of the actors and the region. Our research was guided by an analytical framework based on Gaventa’s Power Cube and the definition of food sovereignty from the Declaration of Nyéléni. We employed rigorous qualitative research methods, including participatory observation and semi-structured in-depth interviews, over three months in an iterative process. Our findings reveal that power relations can enhance the food distributed by the food bank, but they can also limit the agency of actors, particularly the most vulnerable, such as women and children, leading to constraints in food access. These power relations were influenced by trust among actors, their motivations and needs, cultural and spiritual values, and their presence in social media.Item Effectiveness of the Indigenous Justice of Jach'a Karangas in the Framework of the Egalitarian and Plural Justice of Bolivia(Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo"- IUC VLIR-UOS., 2023) Villafuerte Philippsborn, LeonardoItem Framing Water Policies: A Transdisciplinary Study of Collaborative Governance; the Katari River Basin (Bolivia)(Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo". VLIR-UOS., 2022-11-18) Agramont Akiyama, Afnan; Peres-Cajías, Guadalupe; Villafuerte Philippsborn, Leonardo; Van Cauwenbergh, Nora; Craps, Marc; Van Griensven, AnnCollaborative water governance deals with diverse actors under participatory systems of decision making. This form of water governance involves stakeholders with fundamentally different values and premises about water resources, as well as different understandings of the problem and how to approach it. Thus, one of the major challenges of collaborative water governance relies on the diversity of frames carried by stakeholders involved and the shift from hierarchical decision-making to a more collaborative and participative process. The fragmentation of frames can represent an obstacle, impede mutual understanding, and negatively influence decision making and policy outcomes. Based on participative observation, interviews, and document analysis, we explored the drivers behind the framing process in the multi-actor platform of the Katari River Basin, located in Bolivia. The results highlight a participatory process design favoring the fragmentation of frames and a unidirectional decision-making process, where public authority, scientific–technical expertise, and the local community’s knowledge are insulated, and communication among actors is asymmetrical. At the same time, this research reveals the influence of the political context in the framing process.Item A sensemaking perspective on the roll-out of transdisciplinary learning communities in an academic environment from Bolivia(Universidad Católica Boliviana "'San Pablo". Programa VLIR - UOS., 2021-05-23) Peres-Cajías, Guadalupe; Bauwens, Joke; Craps, Marc; Loots, GerritThrough a sensemaking lens, this article investigates the concrete appropriation of the so-called transdisciplinary learning communities-approach (TLC for short) as part of a Flemish–Bolivian university cooperation project for development. The article has its empirical basis in ethnographic research conducted between 2017 and 2020 on four campuses of the Bolivian university UCB. The primary data is the so-called organisational talk, gathered through interviews, participant observations, and meetings with Bolivian university staff members who are the main players involved in the Flemish–Bolivian university cooperation project. The analysis suggests that an informal, horizontal, and symmetrical style of organisational communication between organisational members seems to have a positive impact on the appropriation of TLC, which in turn leads to more successful experiences of cooperation with communities and other external partners in the social environment.Item Relatos de investigadoras bolivianas: Proyecto de escritura colectiva de experiencias de investigación(Universidad Católica Boliviana "'San Pablo". Programa VLIR - UOS., 2022-05-19) Antezana Pérez, Paola AndreaEl presente libro es una compilación de investigaciones realizadas por mujeres bolivianas como parte del Grupo de Investigación en Gestión de la Investigación y Gobernanza Científica y Académica del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales de la UCB con el apoyo del Proyecto Transversal 6 “Construcción de Comunidades Transdisciplinarias de Aprendizaje” del Programa País VLIR UOS UCBItem Power relations in the co-creation of water policy in Bolivia: beyond the tyranny of participation(Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo"- IUC VLIR-UOS., 2022-03-17) Gruberg, Helga; Dessein, Joost; Benavides, Jean Paul; D’Haese, MarijkecIntegrated water management is complex and requires the participation of diverse actors to identify and implement transformative solutions. However, power relations can obstruct the more inclusive and equitable experiences of participatory approaches, hence limiting the empowerment of vulnerable groups. It is thus important to study how power relations are influenced by people’s interests, socio-political structures, and knowledge in the process of (co)creation of water policies. We use a case study in a rural municipality of Bolivia to address this issue. Qualitative data were collected between 2017 and 2020 and analysed using the elements of the Power Cube of Gaventa as the analytical framework. Results confirm that different factors influence power relations in the making of a water policy such as interests, access to information, habits, and customs. Actors use different forms, spaces, and levels of power to achieve their interests. Our results show the importance and need to analyse power relations prior, during and after the (co)creation of any public policy and to step away from linear and sectoral frameworks of policy development.Item Integrating spatial and social characteristics in the DPSIR framework for the sustainable management of river basins: case study of the Katari River Basin, Bolivia(Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo". VLIR-UOS., 2021-10-25) Agramont, Afnan; Van Cauwenbergh, Nora; van Griesven, Ann; Craps, MarcThe drivers–pressures–state–impact–responses (DPSIR) framework has been used widely to support environmental policy developments. However, we argue that DPSIR tends to oversimplify the complexity behind socio-ecological systems. Based on the Katari River Basin in Bolivia, we explore how the incorporation of spatial and social considerations may enhance DPSIR applications. The results reveal a spatial mismatch between driving forces/pressures and policy responses, and severe impacts on the vulnerable communities. Moreover, we also show that local levels tend to be neglected. The study concludes that integrating spatial and social characteristics in the DPSIR may result in valuable implications for river basin management practitioners.Item A review of transdisciplinary approaches for the co-creation of food sovereignt(Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo". IUC VLIR-UOS., 2019-11-11) Gruberg Cazón, HelgaFood sovereignty is a complex problem of sustainability, since it requires the active and effective participation of diverse communities of knowledge for the identification and implementation of relevant and sustainable solutions. It is a complex problem that cannot and should not be treated sectorial or unilaterally (e.g. from the academy or from the public sector). Otherwise the proposed solutions would be destined to an imminent failure. Transdisciplinarity is proposed as an approach to successfully deal with complex sustainability problems, since it allows transcending disciplines and sectors. There are few experiences about the co-creation of food sovereignty from a transdisciplinary approach at international and national level. This essay presents a case study in the Municipality of Tiraque about the co-creation of food sovereignty at two scales: municipal and communal level. Although the results are preliminary, there are already lessons from the field. The formation of collaborative and transdisciplinary research teams requires patience and time. Once the teams are formed, interesting dynamics emerge. Preliminary results show the importance of working with young people through agroecological schools and linking them with knowledge transfer networks such as the agroecological committee. La soberanía alimentaria se constituye en un problema complejo de sostenibilidad, ya que requiere de la participación activa y efectiva de diversas comunidades de conocimiento para la identificación e implementación de soluciones pertinentes y sostenibles. La soberanía alimentaria es un problema complejo que no puede y no debe ser tratado de manera sectorial o unilateral (ej. desde la academia o desde el sector público). De lo contrario las soluciones planteadas estarían destinadas al fracaso inminente. La transdisciplina se plantea como un enfoque para lidiar exitosamente con problemas complejos de sostenibilidad, ya que permite trascender disciplinas y sectores. Existen pocas experiencias sobre la co-creación de soberanía alimentaria desde un enfoque transdisciplinario a nivel internacional y nacional. Este ensayo presenta un estudio de caso en el Municipio de Tiraque sobre la co-creación de la soberanía alimentaria a dos escalas: nivel municipal y comunal. Si bien los resultados son preliminares, ya se cuenta con lecciones aprendidas del trabajo de campo. La conformación de equipos colaborativos y transdisciplinarios de investigación requieren de paciencia y tiempo. Una vez conformados los equipos, emergen dinámicas interesantes. Resultados preliminares muestran la importancia de trabajar con la juventud a través de escuelas agroecológicas y vincularlas con redes de transferencia de conocimientos como el comité agroecológico.